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What is meant by preferential allotment of shares and how it is different from private placement ?

Meaning of preferential allotment of shares It is a process using which companies allots their shares to a group of people or interested companies on preferential basis. Bulk allotment of shares is done to individuals, venture capitalists or group of interested people. A company wants to raise funds to carry out different functional or operational activities. Also it may be looking for expansion or starting with new unit. Issuing securities to public at large scale is a tedious process and is time consuming as well. In order to save this time and raise funds in an efficient manner companies opt for preferential allotment of shares. To do so less paper work is required and thus companies can raise funds in less time. Both private and public companies can make such allotment but more rules and regulations are applicable to public companies. Meaning of private placement In common language we can say that private placement is a funding event in which securities are sold ...
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What is the meaning of bear market and how to identify it ?

What is the meaning of bear market and how to identify it ? A bear market refers to a period of months or years during which prices of some listed securities are consistently falling. The condition of bear market is just opposite of bull market , in which prices of securities rise on consistent basis.The terms bull and bear are used to describe the present behavior of stock market, i.e whether the value of stocks are appreciating or depreciating.In bear market there is lack of confidence in the market, often people wait here for bulls to drive the prices up again. How a bear market works is discussed below : To identify this having a good knowledge of current market conditions is must. Often when market is bearish at least 80% of all stocks price start falling or major decline in the indexes can be witnessed. There are several factors which causes such movements in the market like economic cycles, individual sentiments of traders and investors . A wea...

What is meant by pledged holdings in share market ?

Pledging of shares means taking loan against the shares which one holds currently.This can be done by promoter and investors both.Shares which an investor owns are considered to be assets and banks consider them as a form of security to raise loans.When an investor buys shares from market then those shares are transferred to his demat account which are known as his demat holdings. These holdings are his clear holdings and there is no third party interest in those shares as investor has already paid the entire value of shares to buy them. When emergency occurs or market is highly volatile then shares can be pledged to raise funds. To pledge shares investor or promoter has to offer them as collateral to bank or non-banking financial institution for the exchange of loan. Some important implications of pledging of shares 1) Companies which have high promoter holdings , pledging of shares is very common with them. When interest rates are rising then promoters tend t...

Who are the different participants of derivatives market ?

Derivatives are contracts which derives its value from some underlying assets which can be commodities, currencies, interest rate, stock indices etc. All these underlying assets prices keeps on changing, therefore derivatives does not have its direct value and their value depends upon the future price movements of the underlying assets. To trade in futures contracts traders can use their existing Demat account and trading account or open them with registered broker if they do not have. Four major entities of derivatives market are discussed below : 1) Trading members They can trade using their own account for self or on their clients behalf. All these trades are finally settled by the clearing members. 2) Trading cum clearing members They can trade and settle their own trades and of other trading members as well. 3) Professional clearing members They are not a trading members. Usually professional clearing members are banks who settles ...

What is meant by online share trading and how it can be done ?

Online trading is the act of buying/selling different financial instruments using Internet and to do so it is required to have an online trading platform which is offered by brokers. Stock trading can help in earning profitable returns if it is done in the right way. As we know that stock market is of highly volatile nature while trading in market traders and investors needs to face various ups and downs. With the introduction of online trading, trading in stock market has become more convenient. Pehla trade offers TradIn Blaze – an online trading platform using which traders can trade in most innovative way. Following are some important steps which you need to follow to trade online and build an online trading portfolio : 1) Select your broker Selecting broker is the first step to begin online trading. Prefer to go for broker who has a good reputation and with whom you can easily communicate in case of any difficult. Also ensure that your broker facilitates...

What is meant by IPO and what are different types of IPO?

IPO (Initial Public Offering) A company which is unlisted and wants to raise funds from public then it can be done with the help of IPO. Usually IPO's are issued by companies in primary market to raise funds from public. As we know that companies needs capital to carry out different functional and operational activities and to meet this need they sell companies securities in primary market. The company gets a capital boost when an investor invests in its IPO and in return investor expects to get benefited from companies earnings proportional to their share holding. Types of IPO 1) Fixed price issue In fixed price IPO company offers its shares at a fixed price. Here company along with its underwriters analyze companies assets, liabilities and other financial parameters . After this they fix a price per issue. Under fixed price issue, investors know the share price before a company offers its shares to public and they need to pay full price whil...

What is meant by factor investing and its key factors ?

Factor investment is a popular investment strategy where securities capable of offering high returns are selected. The two main factors which drives the returns of stocks are : macroeconomic factors and style factors. Some popular macro economic factors are inflation, liquidity, emerging markets, economic growth and style factors are value, momentum, quality, size etc. These factors have very low correlation with each other and therefore tends to perform well at different parts of economic cycle. Factor investing tends to design a well diversified portfolio with an aim of earning above market returns by managing risk in an optimum manner. Portfolio diversification is often done by investors in order to safely invest in market , but if a investor have chosen stocks which moves in lockstep then benefits of diversification can not be realized. For example : In a particular investor's portfolio there is a mixture of some stocks and bonds which may decline in its value when certain ...